Environmental Engineering I

Unit 1

Water Supply Systems: Need for protected water supply - objectives of water supply system. Factors affecting per capita consumption, fire demand, fluctuations in rate of consumption - population forecasting - Design periods for water supply components.

Intake Works and Transportation: Intakes - types, location, requirements and features. Transportation of water - Types of conduits - relative merits, selection, joints, hydraulic design, and cross-connected parallel pipe to increase capacity - pipe laying and testing.

Quality and Analysis of Water: Impurities in raw water - causes - effects / significance - analysis - tests - Bacteriology of water, bacteriological analysis - Water borne diseases - Standards of water quality.

Unit 2

Treatment of Water – Conventional Treatment flow charts - Principles of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation - Design principles of - Flash mixer –Design and drawing (Detailed sketch) of Flocculator and Sedimentation tank.

Filtration - Principles of Filtration - Classification. Constructional and operational features of slow sand filters and rapid sand filters - Design criteria. Design and drawing (Detailed sketch) of slow sand filters and rapid sand filters.

Disinfection - methods and disinfectants - Disinfection devices – Chlorination, other methods. Miscellaneous treatment methods - aeration, taste and odour control, iron and manganese removal, water softening, fluoridation and defluoridation and demineralization - Residue Management .

Unit 3

Distribution of Water: Distribution network - Requirements of distribution system - Analysis by Hardy Cross method – Equivalent Pipe method – Computer application. Service reservoirs - functions, classification - Service reservoir design. Waste detection and prevention - Metered and unmetered water supplies. Necessity of pumping in water supply - classification and brief description of types of pumps - selection of pump - calculation of head, horsepower - economical diameter of pumping main.

Plumbing and Pumping: Drainage layout - plumbing components - traps and fittings - water seal - plumbing systems - choice - Principles governing drainage - plumbing design, IS Code provisions. Water supply of buildings - service connection to buildings.