Horticulture – definition and branches, importance and scope; horticultural and botanical classification; climate and soil for horticultural crops. Plant propagation methods and propagating structures. Seed dormancy, seed germination, principles of orchard establishment. Principles and methods of training and pruning, juvenility and flower bud differentiation; unfruitfulness; pollination, pollinizers and pollinators; fertilization and parthenocarpy; medicinal and aromatic plants; importance of plant bio-regulators in horticulture. Irrigation – methods and fertilizer application in horticultural crops.