Unit 1

Introduction and Basic Concepts: Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, heat and other forms of energy, Heat Transfer Mechanism: Conduction, Convection and Radiation –fundamental equations, Simultaneous heat transfer mechanisms

Heat conduction equation:General heat conduction equation – One dimensional steady state equation -boundary and initial conditions- Heat generation in solids- generalized thermal resistance network – critical radius of insulation, Variable thermal conductivity, thermal contact resistance

Extended surface heat transfer: Governing equation, boundary conditions, Performance of fins – efficiency and effectiveness, proper length of the fin, Types of fins: Pin fin, rectangular, Parabolic and annular fins

Unsteady heat conduction analysis: Lumped mass analysis with temporal effects – Governing equations – Biot number significance. Heat Conduction in Large Plane Walls, Long Cylinders, and Spheres with both Spatialand temporal Effects –Governing equations – Graphical Solution – Fourier number significance.

Unit 2

Convective heat transfer: Boundary layer theory – physical mechanism of convection – Governing equation, Analogy between momentum and heat transfer: Reynolds analogy and Chilton Colburn analogy.Dimensionless numbers – Nusselt number, skin friction coefficient, Stanton number, Prandtl number, Reynolds number, Grashoff Number – Significance

Forced Convection: External flows – Flow over flat plates, cylinders and spheres. Flow over tubes and bank of tubes, Internal Flows – flow through circular and non-circular

Natural convection: External surface

Combined natural and forced convection

Phase change heat transfer: Condensation and boiling

Unit 3

Fundamental of Radiation: Thermal radiation and basic laws of radiation: Stefan-Boltzmann Law, Wien’s displacement law and Planck’s Law, radiation intensity, solid angle, irradiation and radiosity, radiation propertiesemissivity, absorptivity, transmissivity and reflectivity, atmospheric and solar radiation: greenhouse effect

Radiation Heat Transfer:Shape factor- diffuse and gray surfaces. Radiative heat transfer between two and three enclosures, Radiation shield

Heat Exchangers: Types of heat exchangers:parallel flow, counter flow, cross flow, shell and tube, and compact heat exchanger. Overall heat transfer coefficient, fouling factor

Analysis of Heat Exchanger: LMTD and ε-NTU methods

Course Objectives

• To introduce the thermodynamic laws and their application to open and closed systems
• To familiarize the variation of thermodynamic properties of pure substances and compare the ideal and real gas behavior
• To explain the concept of entropy and isentropic efficiency
• To derive fundamental relations between thermodynamic properties

Course Outcomes

• CO1: Solve steady and unsteady heat conduction problems with different boundary conditions, and assess the performance of fins
• CO2:Estimate the pumping power of the fluid and convective heat transfer rate by using semi-empirical correlation associated with different types of flows and geometries
• CO3: Evaluate emissive and spectral emissive power for a black and grey surface, and determine radiation heat transfer between enclosures
• CO4: Solve sizing and rating problems associated with different types of heat exchanger

CO – PO Mapping

Textbook(s)

• Yunus A Cengel&Afshin J. Ghajar, “Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer – Fundamentals & Applications”, 5/e, McGraw-Hill., 2015

Reference(s)

• Frank P. Incropera& David P DeWitt, “Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer”, 7/e, John Wiley and Sons, 2011.
• C P Kothandaraman, ‘Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer’, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi,2012.
• Holman J P, ‘Heat and Mass Transfer’, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 10/e, 2009.

Evaluation Pattern