Unit 1
Impulse momentum principle – application – impact of jet-force exerted by a jet on normal, inclined and curved surfaces for stationary and moving cases – torque in rotating machines – jet propulsion.
Hydroelectric power: low, medium and high head plants – Power house components – Micro-hydel schemes. Turbines – classifications – construction and working of Pelton Wheel, Francis and axial flow reaction turbines – selection of turbines – draft tube. Classification of pumps – Centrifugal pumps – types and working – characteristics. Reciprocating pumps – types and working – selection of pumps.
Unit 2
Open channel flow – Comparison with pipe flow, Types of channels – Classification of flow, uniform flow – Uniform flow using chezy’s and Manning’s formulae – Most efficient channel section – Circular, Rectangular and Trapezoidal channel sections, open channel section for constant velocity at all depths of flow. Specific energy and critical depth, Specific force curve, critical flow computation.
Non-uniform flow, Gradually Varied Flow, Dynamic equation for gradually varied flow, Different forms of the dynamic equation, Flow profiles in prismatic channels, integration of the varied flow equation – Computation of the length of the backwater curve and afflux. Rapidly Varied Flow – Hydraulic Jump, Hydraulic jump equations for a rectangular channel, Practical applications.
