Unit 1

Architecture of Microprocessors: General definitions of computers, microprocessors, micro controllers and digital signal processors. Overview of Intel microprocessors: Introduction to 8086 microprocessor, Signals and pins of 8086 microprocessor, Addressing Modes, Instruction set, Assembler directives, simple programs, procedures, and macros. Pin diagram of 8086 – Minimum mode and Maximum mode of operation. Timing diagram. Memory interfacing to 8086 (Static RAM & EPROM). Need for DMA. DMA data transfer Method.

Introduction to 80486, Pentium, and Core Architectures.

Unit 2

ARM Architecture: RISC Machine, Architectural inheritance, Programmers model. ARM Organization and Implementation: 3-stage pipeline, 5-stage pipeline, ARM instruction execution, ARM implementation, Co-processor interface. ARM Assembly Language Programming: Data processing instructions, Data transfer instructions, Control flow instructions, Architectural support for high-level programming, Thumb instruction set.

Unit 3

1. Barry B. Brey, “The Intel Microprocessors 8e (VTU): 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro Processor, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4 and Core2 with 64-bit Extensions”, Pearson Education, Eight Edition, 2012.
2. Steve Furber. “ARM system On-Chip-Architecture”, Second Edition, Addison Wesley, 2000.

• Douglas Hall, “Microprocessors and its Interfacing (SIE)”, McGraw Hill Education (India), Third Edition, 2012.
• Yu-Cheng Liu & Glenn A Gibson, “Microcomputer systems 8086/8088 family, Architecture, Programming and Design”, Prentice Hall, Second Edition, July 2003.
• Arnold S. Berger, “Embedded System Design”, CMP Books, First Edition, Taylor & Francis, 2002.
• Michael Barr, “Programming Embedded Systems with C and GNU”, First Edition, O Reilly, 2003.