UNIT I

Basic concepts– Spontaneous generation, Germ theory of diseases, Cell theory. Contributions  of  Antonie  van  leuwenhoek, Joseph Lister, Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur,  Edward  Jenner, John Tyndall, Sergei N. Winogradsky, Selman A waksman, Alexander Flemming, Paul Erlich, Fannie Hesse, Elie Metchnikoff, Kary Mullis. Development of pure culture methods.Cell ultra structure: Peptidoglycan structure and synthesis.Cytoplasmic matrix and components: Inclusion bodies.

UNIT II

Sterilisation and disinfection- Definitions, Principles. Methods of sterilization- Physical    methods (Heat, Filteration), Radiation and Chemical methods. Control of sterilization and Testing of sterility. Microscopy – Principles, Light microscope, Phase Contrast, Dark field, Bright field, Fluorescent, Interference microscope (Stereo microscope), Confocal, Inverted microscope, and Electron microscope (TEM and SEM). Measurement of Microorganisms- Micrometry. Staining- Simple, Gram  staining, Negative  staining, Capsule  staining, Spore staining, Flagellar  staining, Nuclear staining and Acid fast staining.

UNIT III

Microbiological media, composition and types: selective and differential media Growth curve and growth kinetics. Influence of environemental factors for microbial growth. Nutritional groups of bacteria: overview Estimation of Microbes- Direct Microscopic count, Turbidometric assay, TVC- Indirect Method- CO2 liberation- Protein estimation- Maintenance and Preservation of cultures

UNIT IV

Taxonomy– Principle and its types (Classical approach– Numerical, Chemical, Serological and Genetic). Bacterial taxonomy– Bergey’s manual of Systematic Bacteriology (Eubacteria and Archaebacterium).

• Prescott, L.M J.P. Harley and C.A. Klein 1995. Microbiology 2nd edition Wm, C. Brown publishers.
• Michael J. Pelczar, Jr. E.C.S. Chan, Moel : Microbiology Mc Graw Hill Book R. Krieg, 1986 Company
• Stainer R.Y. Ingraham J.L. Wheolis H.H and Painter P.R. 1986 The Microbial world, 5^th edition. Eagle Works Cliffs N.J. Prentica Hall.