Unit 1

Fluid statics and kinematics: Fluid as a continuum, state of stress and fluid motion in physiology – conservation of mass, conservation of linear momentum (continuity, momentum equations);, first and second law of thermodynamics, introduction to heat transfer in physiology, pressure and force balances, velocity, acceleration fields; Differential analysis of fluid flow; Dimensional analysis – Reynolds number, Creeping or Stokes flow, Euler’s, Bernoulli equation.

Unit 2

Fluidics in living systems and mechanobiology: Anatomy of blood vessels, arterial wall mechanics, blood cells and plasma, blood rheology, blood flow in arteries and veins, wave propagation in arterial system, flow separation, turbulent flows in physiological systems, pulsatile flow – Wormersley flow; surface tension driven flows, viscometers; pressure-flow relationships in blood; arterioles and local control, capillaries and mass exchange, heat transfer in microcirculation, lymphatic system – lymph physiology and lymphatic flow.

Unit 3

Measurement of pressure and flow in physiological system Pressure measurement – indirect measurement, direct – intravascular and catheter- transducer measuring system. Flow measurement – indicator dilution method – Fick technique, dye dilution, thermodilution, electromagnetic flow meters, doppler flow meter, nanoscale flows and molecular simulations lab demonstration, Lab on Chip microfluidics devices: Lab on chip devices: flow control, microfluidic mixing; Device fabrication; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); fabrication and detection aspects of lab-on-a-chip systems.

Course Objectives:

• Understand the fundamental principles of fluid mechanics and apply them to analyze physiological fluid behavior in artificial intelligence and biomedical engineering contexts.
• Explore the mechanical characteristics of blood vessels, blood rheology, and the dynamics of blood flow to comprehend their relevance in physiological systems.
• Investigate the microcirculation physiology, focusing on arterioles, capillaries, and the lymphatic system, and analyze the local control mechanisms.
• Develop proficiency in the measurement techniques of pressure and flow in physiological systems.

Course Outcomes:

After completing this course, students should be able to:
CO1: Apply fluid mechanics principles to analyze and model physiological fluid behavior in artificial intelligence and biomedical engineering contexts, enhancing their understanding of biomechanics.
CO2: Develop and understanding of the mechanical properties of blood vessels, blood flow dynamics, and the effects of turbulent flows in physiological systems, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of vascular biomechanics.
CO3: Explain the intricacies of microcirculation physiology, including arteriolar and capillary functions, and appreciate the role of the lymphatic system, fostering a holistic understanding of micro-level blood flow.
CO4: Apply practical skills in measuring pressure and flow in physiological systems using various techniques, thereby strengthening their competence in biomedical engineering applications.

CO-PO Mapping

1. David A. Rubenstein et al., Biofluid Mechanics, 3rd Edition, Academic Press, 2022
2. L. White, Biofluid Mechanics in Cardiovascular System, McGraw Hill, 2006
3. C. Vlaschoppulos, Micheal O’Rourke and W. W. Nichols, McDonald’s Blood Flow in Arteries, 6th
   edition, CRC Press, 2012
4. White, F.M., 2008. Fluid mechanics. The McGraw Hill Companies.
5.  Kundu, P.K., Cohen, I.M. and Dowling, D.R., 2015. Fluid mechanics. Academic press.
6. KB Chandran, AP Yoganathan, SE Rittgers, Biofluid Mechanics: The Human Circulation, Taylor and
   Francis 2007.
7. Manz, A., Simone, G., O’Connor, J.S. and Neuzil, P., 2020. Microfluidics and Lab-on-a-Chip. Royal
   Society of Chemistry.