Sterilization techniques-Dry heat, moist heat, filters sterilization and UV irradiation- Media preparation- Simple, selective and differential media– Pure culture technique-Serial dilution, pour plate, streak plate, spread plate-Staining techniques-Simple staining, Gram staining, acid fast staining, Negative staining, Spore staining– Biochemical reactions of microbes-IMViC, Carbohydrate fermentation, oxidase, catalase– Enumeration of microbes– serial dilution agar plate technique-Microscopic examination of living bacterial preparation– Studying the growth pattern of a microorganism