Buckling of columns – introduction – concepts of stability – methods of Neutral Equilibrium – Euler column – Eigen value problem – Axially loaded column – Eccentrically loaded column Energy principle – Raleigh Ritz method – Galerkin method – Numerical methods (New mark’s Finite Difference and matrix methods) Beams and Beam columns – introduction – lateral buckling of beams – beam column with concentrated and distributed loads – effect of axial load on bending stiffness Buckling of frames – introduction – modes of buckling – critical load using various methods Neutral equilibrium – slope deflection equations, matrix method. Buckling of plates – Differential equation of plate buckling – critical loan on plates for various boundary conditions – Energy method – Finite difference method.