Unit 1

Introduction: Hydrologic cycle – systems concept – hydrologic system model – hydrologic model classification. Stream flow measurement – measurement of stage – discharge measurements. Stage – discharge relations – selection of a stream gauging site – stream gauge network.

Evaporation – measurement, estimation and control of evapo-transporation (ET) – estimation of evapo-transpiration – evapo-transpiration and consumptiveuse – measurement of ET – lysimeters and field pots – potential ET and its computation – pan evaporation – Pennman’s method – Blaney Criddle method – reference crop ET and crop coefficient – interception and depression storage.

Infiltration processes – measurement using infiltrometers – infiltration capacity – infiltration indices – Hortan’s model of infiltration. Rain water harvesting – manmade alterations in hydrologic cycle – methods of water conservation.

Unit 2

Runoff – components of runoff – Characteristics of runoff – factors affecting runoff – components of hydrograph – base flow separation – rain fall – runoff relations – flow duration curve – flow mass curve – hydrograph analysis – unit hydrograph theory – derivation of unithydrograph – applications and limitations of unit hydrograph – ‘S’ hydrograph – instantaneous unit hydrograph – unit hydrograph for ungauged catchments – synthetic hydrograph – conceptual elements – linear reservoirs – Nash model. Yield from a catchment – flow duration curves – flow mass curve.

Floods – estimation of peak discharge – rational method – unit hydrograph method. Probabilistic and statistical methods – basic concept of probability and frequency distribution – skewness coefficient – return period discrete distribution – Binomial distribution – continuous distribution – flood frequency analysis – normal, lognormal, Gumbel and Log-Pearson Type III methods. Flood routing – reservoir routing – Modified pulse method – channel routing – Musking hum method.

Unit 3

1. K. Subramanya, “Engineering Hydrology”, Tata McGraw – Hill publishers, New Delhi, 2008.
2. Duggel K. N., and J. P. Soni, “Elements of Water resources engineering”, New Age International Publishers, 2005.

• Raghunath H. M., “Hydrology: Principles, Analysis& Design”, New Age International, 2015.
• P. N. Modi, “Irrigation, Water Resources, and Water power Engineering”, Standard Book House, 2014.