Syllabus
Unit 1
Definition and Classification of turbo machines – Specific Work – T-s and h-s Diagram – Incompressible and compressible flow – Losses – Total–to–Total efficiency – Total-to-Static efficiency – Effect of reheat and preheat factor. Degree of reaction. Energy transfer – Euler’s equation, velocity triangles.
Dimensional analysis, Dimensionless parameters and their physical significance, specific speed, Hydraulic Pumps: Centrifugal Pumps – Some definitions – Pump output and Efficiencies – Effect of Vane angle – Cavitation – Pump Characteristics – Multistage pumps.
Unit 2
Hydraulic Turbines: Classification of hydraulic turbines – Velocity triangles. Efficiencies of draft tubes – Hydraulic turbine characteristics. Francis and Kaplan turbines – Velocity triangles – Efficiencies of Draft tubes – Turbine characteristics.
Elementary cascade theory, cascade nomenclature, compressor cascade, turbine cascade, cascade efficiency. Dimensional analysis of compressible flow machines, stalling and surging.
Unit 3
Centrifugal Compressors: Constructional details – Stage Pressure rise – Stage Pressure Coefficient – Stage Efficiency – Degree of Reaction – Various Slip factors – Introduction to Fans and Blowers, Working principle, Fan laws, Performance Characteristics.
Axial flow Compressors: general expression for degree of reaction; velocity triangles for different values of degree of reaction, Blade loading and flow coefficient, Static pressure rise, Work done factor.
Steam and Gas Turbines: Axial turbine stages – Stage velocity triangles – Work – Single stage impulse turbine – Speed ratio – Maximum utilization Factor – Compounding of Turbines and its types, Degree of Reaction – Reaction Stages. Inward Flow radial turbine stages (IFR) – Working principle and Performance Characteristics.
