Publications

Abstract : SEM analysis attains a special role and wide acceptance in biomedical researches as it is helping in the better imaging and analysis of different biological specimens. Preparation of the biological samples is one of the crucial steps which in turn affects the result. This chapter briefs the important techniques and procedures involved in the processing and preparation of the biological samples for the SEM analysis. The sampling process starts with fixation where it allows the sample to adhere properly to the following processes. Various types of chemicals, traditional chemical, physical fixatives are employed for the same along with vapour fixation techniques. The sample preparation will be then further proceeded with dehydration and drying methods to ensure the complete removal of water from the biological samples. Air drying, critical point drying, freeze-drying, chemical drying etc. are a few such processes before the mounting where it provides a firm binding of the sample to the holder. Then the biological samples can be analyzed for their features based on SEM images generated.