Unit 1

Qualities of measurements: Introduction, performance characteristics, errors in measurements, types of static error, sources of error, dynamic characteristics, statistical analysis, standards.

DC and AC bridges: Wheatstone bridge, Kelvin’s Bridge, inductance and capacitance measurements-Maxwell’s bridge, De-sauty’s bridge, Schering bridge, Wein bridge and Anderson bridge.

Analog meters: Basic meter movement, taut band, Electrodynamometer type (EDM), Moving Iron Instruments. Measurement of current – ammeter, multirange ammeter, Aryton shunt, extension of ammeter ranges. Measurement of voltage – basic meter as voltmeter, multirange voltmeter, extension of voltmeter range, loading effect, AC voltmeter using half wave and full wave rectifier, average, peak and true RMS voltmeters.

Unit 2

Instrument Transformers: Current Transformer, ratio and phase angle error, potential transformer.

Measurement of Power and Energy: EDM type wattmeter and Power factor meters, energy meter, calibration of meters.

Oscilloscope: Basic principle, CRT features, block diagram of oscilloscope, sampling, storage oscilloscopes, Digital storage oscilloscope, applications of CRO.

Transducers: Electrical transducers, selecting a transducers, resistive transducers, strain gauge, thermistor, RTD, inductive transducers, LVDT, capacitive transducer, piezo electric, photo voltaic cell, photo diode, photo transistors.

Unit 3

• E.W Golding and F.C Widdis, “Electrical measurements and measuring instruments”, The English Language Book society, 1969
• H.S Kalsi, “Electronic Instrumentation”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 1995.

• A. K. Sawhney, “A Course in Electrical & Electronics Measurements and Instrumentation”, Dhanpat Rai and Sons,1984
• Deobeling E. O, “Measurement systems, Applications and Design”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2004.