Unit 1

Introduction and Basic Concepts: Importance of Dimensions and Units, definitions: system, surroundings, boundary, types of systems, properties, thermodynamic equilibrium, quasi static process, cyclic process. Concept of Zeroth Law, thermometry, temperature scales, Pressure measurement, Manometers.
Energy and its interactions – forms of energy, Heat, Work, I law of thermodynamics Ideal-Gas Equation of State, specific heats, characterization of thermodynamic processes. Compressibility Factor and other Equations of State.
Thermodynamic properties of Pure Substances: Phase-Change processes of pure substances, property diagrams for Phase change processes, property tables.

Unit 2

Energy analysis: closed and open systems, Steady Flow Engineering Devices.
Second Law of Thermodynamics: statement of Kelvin-Planck and Clausius, Heat Engines, Heat Pump and Refrigerators, Reversible and Irreversible processes, the Carnot Cycle and Principles, Carnot engine, Carnot Refrigerator and Heat pump. The inequality of Clausius and thermodynamic Temperature scale, concept of entropy, principle of increase in entropy for closed and open systems, Entropy change in different processes involving solids, liquids and gases.

Unit 3

Thermodynamic property relations: Introduction, important mathematical relations, cyclic rule, Maxwell relations, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, Joule Thomson coefficient and inversion line.
Gaspower cycles: Otto, Diesel, Dualand Brayton cycle.
Vapor power cycles: The Carnot vapor cycle and the Rankine cycle.
Refrigeration cycles: The reversed Carnot cycle and the ideal vapor compression Refrigeration cycle.

Course Objectives

• To introduce the thermodynamic laws and their application to open and closed systems
• To familiarize the variation of thermodynamic properties of pure substances and compare the ideal and real gas behavior
• To explain the concept of entropy and isentropic efficiency
• To derive fundamental relations between thermodynamic properties

Course Outcomes

• CO1: Evaluate the deviation of a real gas from ideal gas behavior based on compressibility chart and best equations of state
• CO2: Solve energy balance problems for closed and open systems for pure substances, ideal gases, liquids and solids
• CO3: Examine the possibility of a thermodynamic process based on first and second laws of thermodynamics and increase of entropy principle
• CO4: Determine the expressions for the thermal efficiencies and coefficients of performance for reversible heat engines, heat pumps, and refrigerators by modeling thermodynamic cycles
• CO5: Evaluate the performance of power plants, automobiles, refrigeration and air-conditioning units
• CO6: Establish a relationship between measurable and derivable properties

CO – PO Mapping

Textbook(s)

• Cengel Y. A. & Boles M. A.,“Thermodynamics – an Engineering Approach”, 8/e, Tata McGraw hill, 2016

Reference(s)

• Sonntag R. E.,Borgnakke C. and Van Wylen, G., “Fundamentals of Thermodynamics”, 7/e, John Wiley and Sons, 2008
• Saad M. A.,“Thermodynamics: Principles and Practice”,2/e, Prentice Hall, 1998

Evaluation Pattern