Unit 1:
Atomic structure[10 h]Bohrs model of hydrogen atom, hydrogen spectrum, Bohr-Sommerfeld theory. Plancks quantum theory of radiation, dual character of electrons – de Broglies equation, Heisenbergs uncertainty principle, photoelectric effect. Schrodinger wave equation, Eigen values, significance of wave function (? and ?2) and quantum numbers. Shapes of atomic orbitals – s, p, d and f. Aufbau principle, Hunds rule, Paulis exclusion principle, electronic configuration of elements.
Unit 2:
Chemical bonding[12 h]Ionic bonding, lattice energy. Born-Lande equation and Born-Haber cycle. Covalent bonding, formation of H2, orbital theory of covalency. Hybridisation VSEPR theory, sigma and pi bonds, formation of covalent compounds. Properties of covalent compounds. Molecular orbital theory homo diatomic molecules and hetero di and triatomic molecules. Polar and non-polar covalent bonds, polarization of covalent bond – polarizing power, polarizability of ions and Fajans rule. Co-ordinate covalent compounds and their characteristics. Metallic bond – free electron, valence bond and band theories.
Unit 3:
Structure and Bonding in Solids[10 h]Crystalline and amorphous solids, indices – Miller indices, space lattice and unit cell, types of crystals – molecular, covalent, metallic and ionic crystals. Close packing of spheres hexagonal, cubic and body centered cubic packing density, coordination numbers, tetrahedral and octahedral holes. Body centered and primitive structures. Defects in crystals stoichiometric, non-stoichiometric, extrinsic and intrinsic defects. Ionic solids – structures of MX, MX2 and MX3, Braggs law and X-ray diffraction.
Unit 4:
Acids, Bases and Non-aqueous solvents[7 h]Conjugate acids and bases, hard and soft acids and bases – Pearsons concept, HSAB principle and its application. Non-aqueous solvents – general characteristics of non-aqueous solvent – melting point, boiling point, latent heat of fusion and vaporization, and dielectric constant. Reactions in non-aqueous solvent liquid ammonia.
Unit 5:
Chemical Analysis and Stoichiometric Calculation[6 h]Acid base, redox, precipitation and complexometric titrations. Problems based on stoichiometry. Gravimetry principle and calculations involving estimation of barium, calciumand nickel. Data analysis, significant figures, precision and accuracy. Types of errors, mean and standard deviation.