UNIT 1:Wave Equation Plane Wave, Spherical waves Maxwells Equation, Poynting Vector Superposition of waves of Same Frequency: Algebraic method, Complex method, Phasor addition – Random and Coherent Sources Superposition of waves different frequency: Beat Phenomena Phase and Group velocities Materials Dispersion Concept of Coherence: Temporal coherence – Partial Coherence and Spatial CoherenceUNIT 2:Interference: Two beam interference – Wavefront Splitting Interference: Youngs Double Slit Experiment- Shape of Interference Fringe – Amplitude Splitting Interference: Dielectric Film interference -Fringes of equal inclination (Haidinger Fringes); Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes). Newtons Rings: Measurement of wavelength and refractive index. Stokes Relations.Optical Interferometers: Michelson Interferometer and its applications Intensity distribution in multiple-beam interference Fabry-Perot interferometer and etalonUNIT 3:Diffraction: Huygens-Fresnel theory – Fraunhofer diffraction: Single Slit Double Slit diffraction by many slits – Grating: Dispersion of a Grating Resolution of a Grating Rectangular and Circular Aperture.Fresnel Diffraction: Fresnel Kirchhoff diffraction integral Half-period Zone Zone Plate Diffraction from an Aperture: Rectangular Aperture – Circular Aperture – Cornu spiral and its applications Babinets principleUNIT 4:Polarizations: Nature of Polarized light: Linear, Circular, and Elliptical Polarization Matrix treatment: Jones Matrix – Production of polarized light: Dichroism -Reflection -Scattering Birefringence -Double refractionUNIT 5:LASER: Laser Characteristics -Spontaneous, Stimulated Emissions and Absorptions Rate Equations Gain Media: Two-level Three-level – Four-level Broadening – Laser Systems- Ruby Lasers, Nd: YAG Laser, HeNe Laser, CO2 Laser.
