LECTURE WISE COTENTS:
UNIT I – Structures and Physical properties 4 hours
- Structure of organic compounds, hybridization, protic and aprotic solvents, and Inter molecular forces. (1hr)
- Acids and bases, Lowry Bronsted and Lewis theories (1hr)
- Oxidation and reduction reaction. (2hrs)
UNIT II – Classification, Nomenclature and Isomerism of organic compounds 18 hours
- Classification of Organic (1 hr)
- Common and IUPAC systems of nomenclature of organic compounds, alkane and complex substituents. (1 hr)
- IUPAC nomenclature of alkene, alkyne, and cycloalkane (1 hr)
- IUPAC nomenclature of functional groups like alcohol, aldehyde, and ketone (1 hr)
- IUPAC nomenclature of terminal functional groups like carboxylic acid, acid halide, acid amide, ester, cyanide, amine and ether (1 hr)
- IUPAC nomenclature of Polyfunctional groups (1 hr)
- Electron displacements in organic chemistry (such as inductive effect, resonance, hyperconjugation). (2 hrs)
- Reaction intermediates (such as free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, carbenes and nitrenes). (4 hrs)
- Types of reagents – electrophilic & nucleophilic (1hr)
- Structural and stereo isomerism in organic D &L system of nomenclature of optical isomers, sequence rules, R&S system of nomenclature of optical isomers (5 hrs)
UNIT III – Organic reactions and mechanisms
- Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution (SN2 & SN1) 4hours
- Nucleophiles and leaving groups – reaction, mechanism
- Kinetics of second and first order reaction
- Stereochemistry and steric hindrance
- Carbocation and their stability
- Rearrangement of carbocation
- Solvolysis
- Role of solvent in substitution
- SN2 versus SN1.
Elimination (E2 & E1) 4 hours
- Reaction, mechanism, kinetics, evidence, orientation, and reactivity
- Role of carbocation, 1,2 eliminations
- Absence of rearrangement isotope effect
- Absence hydrogen exchange
- Elimination versus substitution 4 hours
Electrophilic addition in alkene
- Electrophilic addition reaction
- Orientation and reactivity of Markownikoff rule
- Addition of hydrogen halides
- Addition of halogen and halohydrin formation
- Heat of hydrogenation and stability of alkenes 4 hours
Free radical addition in alkene
- Reaction, mechanism, orientation, peroxide effect (Anti- Markownikoff rule)
- Mechanism of peroxide-initiated addition of hydrogen bromide,
- Additions of carbene to alkene,
- Comparison of free radical substitution with free radical addition,
- Allylic
Conjugated dienes 3 hours
- Conjugated dienes – stability and resonance, stability of allyl radical, hyperconjugation, reactions of conjugated dienes
Electrophilic aromatic substitution (reaction of benzene) 10 hours
- Nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel-craft alkylation (2 hrs)
- Friedel-craft acylation mechanism, reactivity and orientation (1 hr)
- Effect of substituent groups on reactivity and orientation of benzene (1 hr)
- Activating and deactivating O, P, & M directing groups – reactivity and orientation (1 hr)
- Effect of halogen on electrophilic aromatic substitution in alkyl benzene (1 hr)
- Basicity of amines and Acidity of phenols (1 hr)
- Diazotisation, Mechanism and applications (1 hr)
- Hoffman rearrangement and Reimer Tiemann reaction (1 hr)
- Sandmeyer’s reaction, Williamson synthesis (1 hr)
Nucleophilic addition reaction 8 hours
- General principle, Addition of HCN, Addition of alcohol, and addition of Grignard reagent. (2 hrs)
- Aldol condensation and crossed aldol condensation (1 hr)
- Cannizzaro reaction and crossed Cannizzaro reaction (1 hr)
- Claisen condensation, Benzoin condensation (1 hr)
- Perkin condensation, Knoevenagel reaction (1 hr)
- Reformatsky reaction, Wittig reaction (1 hr)
- Michael addition, Kolbe reaction (1 hr)
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution 2 hours
- reaction, mechanisms, orientation
- comparison of aliphatic nucleophilic substitution with that of
Unit IV- Alkane & cycloalkane 4 hours
- Free radicals chain reactions of alkane; mechanism, relative (2 hrs)
- Cycloalkane (alicyclic compounds); preparations of cycloalkanes, Bayer strain theory and orbital picture of angle strain. (2 hrs)
Unit V- Carboxylic acids 5 hours
- Ionisation of carboxylic acids, acidity constants, acidity of acids, structure of carboxylate ions, role of carboxyl group. (2 hrs)
- Effect of substituent on (1 hr)
- Nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, comparison of alkyl nucleophilic substitution with acyl nucleophilic substitution. (1 hr)
- Conversion of acid-to-acid chloride, esters, amide and (1 hr)
Unit VI- Introduction of Heterocyclic rings 5 hours
- Classification, and nomenclature of Heterocyclic compounds (3 hrs)
- Aromatic character of different class of Heterocyclic compounds (five-membered, six- membered, and Fused) (2 hrs)