Course

Unit 1:

Crystal structure and symmetry[10 h] Elements of symmetry in crystal systems, proper rotation, mirror planes, inversion, improper axis symmetry elements, Schoenflies and Hermann-Mauguin notations, unit cells, glide plane, screw axis, atom occupancy in cubic unit cells, Space groups. Spinel and inverse spinel, perovskite structures, ionic radii, crystal radii, radius ratio. Extended covalent array, diamond, graphite.

Unit 2:

Electronic properties of solids[12 h]Free electron theory, density of states, electronic conductivity, molecular orbital theory, overlap and bonding, linear chain of H atoms, LCAO, Fermi Level, conductors, insulators and semiconductors, n- and p-type semiconductors, bands in compounds, band-gap energy, direct and indirect band gaps in semiconductors, band-gap measurements, electrical conductivity. Organic conductors, preparation, mechanism of conduction in organic semiconductors – applications, photoconductivity of polymers. Superconductivity- mechanism – BCS theory examples high temperature superconductors. Electronic properties of nanosolids. Introduction to Dielectric, Ferro, Peizo, Pyro electrics.

Unit 3:

Magnetic properties of solids[7 h]Behavior of substances in a magnetic field, magnetic moments, Types of magnetic materials -paramagnetism, diamagnetism, ferro- and anti-ferromagnetism, ferri-magnetism, effects of temperature of magnetism, Curie & Curie-Weiss laws; mechanism of ferro- and anti-ferromagnetic ordering, super exchange.

Unit 4:

Optical properties of solids[6 h]Luminescence and phosphorescence of solid materials, phosphors, materials for lighting, doping in crystals and colour features, ruby, diamond. Optical properties of nano solids.

Unit 5:

Characterization tools for solids[10 h]X-ray diffraction – Braggs equation and experimental methods (powder method and rotating crystal technique), phase identification and analysis of crystallite size. Magnetic characterization: Vibration Sample Magnetometer.

CO01 predict the various types of crystal structures and possible symmetry operations in the crystals.

CO02 apply the basic rules in predicting the electronic, optical, and magnetic properties.

CO03 predict the type of crystal structure using various characterization tools.

Recommended Readings

1.Woodward, P.M., Karen, P., Evans, J.S. and Vogt, T., 2021. Solid State Materials Chemistry. Cambridge University Press.

2.Azaroff, L.V., 2017. Introduction to solids. Tata Mcgraw hill publishing company.

3.Smart, L.E. and Moore, E.A., 2021. Solid state chemistry: an introduction. CRC press.

4.West, A.R., 2014. Solid state chemistry and its applications. John Wiley & Sons.

5.Ooi, L.L., 2010. Principles of X-ray Crystallography. Oxford University Press.

6.Egerton, R.F., 2005. Physical principles of electron microscopy. New York: Springer.

7.Kuzmany, H., 2009. Solid-state spectroscopy: an introduction. Berlin: springer.

8.Mller, K. and Geppi, M., 2021. Solid State NMR: Principles, Methods, and Applications. John Wiley & Sons.

9.Franco, V. and Dodrill, B. eds., 2021. Magnetic Measurement Techniques for Materials Characterization. Springer International Publishing.

10.Dann, S.E., 2000. Reactions and characterization of solids (Vol. 2). Royal Society of Chemistry.

11.Bhushan, B., Luo, D., Schricker, S.R., Sigmund, W. and Zauscher, S. eds., 2014. Handbook of nanomaterials properties. Springer Science & Business Media.