UNIT 1:Crystals: Periodic array of atoms, fundamental types of lattices, index system for crystal planes. Crystal structure data. Crystal symmetry – point and space groups. Lattice Vacancies, Frenkel and Schottky defects, Colour centers, Dislocations, Edge and Screw dislocation, Surface defects. Reciprocal lattice and Brillouin zone, Laue Condition, Braggs lawUNIT 2:Lattice Vibrations and Thermal Properties: Vibrations of crystals with monatomic basis atoms per primitive basis. Quantization of Elastic Waves, phonon momentum, inelastic scattering by phonons. Phonon heat capacity: Einstein and Debye models of phonon specific heat, anharmonic crystal interactions, Thermal Conductivity.UNIT 3:Free Electron Fermi Gas: Energy levels in one dimension, effect of temperature on Fermi- Dirac distribution, free electron gas in three dimensions. Heat capacity of the electron gas. Electrical conductivity and Ohm’s law, motion in magnetic fields, thermal conductivity of metals. Temperature-dependent conductivity in metals- Matthiessens rule, Nordheim rule.UNIT 4:Magnetism: Dia-, Para-, Ferri- and Ferromagnetic Materials, Classical Langevin Theory of Diamagnetism and Paramagnetic Domains, Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Paramagnetism, Curies law, Weisss Theory of Ferromagnetism and Ferromagnetic Domains, Discussion of B-H Curve, Hysteresis and Energy Loss.Superconductivity: Experimental Results, Critical Temperature, Critical magnetic field, Meissner effect, Type I and type II Superconductors, Isotope effect, Idea of BCS theory.UNIT 5:Dielectrics: Maxwells equations, Macroscopic electric field, Depolarization field, Local electric field at an atom, Lorentz field, Dielectric constant, and polarizability- Clausius- Mossotti relation, Electronic polarizability, classical theory of Electronic polarizability, Ferroelectric crystals, Displacive Transitions – Landau Theory of Phase Transitions anti- ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity.
