Course

UNIT 1:Temperature & Zeroth law of thermodynamics: state variables, Thermal equilibrium, Zeroth law of thermodynamics. Concept of temperature & its measurement, Scales of measurement. Construction and calibration of various Liquid, gas, resistance, and radiation thermometers, Thermal expansion, Equation of state. Extensive and intensive variables: Kinetic theory of gases: Pressure exerted by ideal gas, molecular properties of temperature, Mean free path, Molecular speed distributionUNIT 2:First law of thermodynamics: Methods of work transfer, free expansion, work as a path function, heat: Specific heat capacity and latent heat First law of thermodynamics: Internal energy and work, Heat and Enthalpy, Path function and state function, Corollaries of First law of thermodynamics;UNIT 3:Work and Heat: Heat Capacity: equation of state, measurement of specific heat, Work done in various Processes, Mayers relation, Poissons relation. Einsteins and Debye theory of Specific heat capacity Heat transfer mechanisms: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation. Methods of thermal conduction, conductivity measurements, Kirchhoffs laws, Pressure of radiation, Stefan Boltzmann law. Wiens law, Rayleigh jeans law, Plancks law (qualitative analysis),Solar constant, temperature of sun, Solar spectrum.UNIT 4:Second law of thermodynamics: Kelvin Planck Statements, Entropy and its variation, State function, Engines-external and internal combustion engines-Carnot engine:-Steam engine, Gasoline engine, Diesel Engine; Stirling engine, Clausius statement of second law, Refrigerator, Equivalence of Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statement. Entropy:- entropy in reversible and irreversible process, Clausius inequality,TS diagram,UNIT 5:Thermodynamical Potentials. Maxwells Thermodynamical relations, Applications: Specific heat equation, Joule Thomson cooling, Temperature inversion, Clausius Clapeyron equation. Thermodynamic Potentials; Relation with Thermodynamic variables, Tds equation, Heat capacity equations, Phase transitions; First and second order, Pure substances: PV,PT,TS Phase diagram and PVT Surface. Applications of fundamental concepts, Mean free path, Equipartition of energy, Equilibrium distribution.

Course Objective:The course aims to introduce the fundamental concepts of thermodynamics, including its laws, heat transfer mechanisms, and the behaviour of gases, with an emphasis on practical applications. It also focuses on advanced thermodynamic models and the use of thermodynamic potentials and relations to analyze real-world systems.Course Outcomes:CO1: Understand and apply fundamental thermodynamic concepts, laws, and heat transfer mechanisms.CO2: Understand the thermodynamic concepts related to materials properties such as heat capacity.CO3: Use thermodynamic potentials, Maxwells relations, and phase transitions to solve practical problems.CO4: Understand the mathematical concepts such as exact and inexact differentials and their connections to thermodynamic processes.

TEXT BOOKS:1.M. W. Zemansky and R. H. DittmanAmit K. Chattopadhyay, Heat and Thermodynamics, 8th edition, Tata McGraw- Hill, 2011.2.David Halliday, Robert Resnick, and Jearl Walker, Fundamentals of Physics,10th Edition, John Wiley, 2012.REFERENCE BOOKS:1.Walter Greiner, Ludwig Neisse, Horst Stocker, Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, 1st Ed, Springer, 1995,3rd reprint 2001 .2.Sears.F.WandSalinger.G.L,ThermodynamicsKineticTheoryandStatistical Thermodynamics,3rd Ed, Addison Wesley,19983.Hugh.D. Young and Freedman, Sears& Zemanskys University Physics, 13th Ed, Pearson, 2013.4.Richard P. Feynman, Robert. P. Leighton and Matthew Sands, Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, 1E, Narosa ,20085.P.K.Nag,Basic & Applied Thermodynamics,2nd edition McGraw Hill Education; 2017.