Theory:Total Hrs 54
Neural system: 12 hrs
Functions of nervous system, neuron: structure, classification and properties.Neuroglia, nerve fiber, classification, conduction of impulses continuous andsaltatory.
Velocity of impulse transmission and factors affecting.
Synapse: structure, types, properties.
Receptors: definition, classification, properties.
Reflex action: unconditioned properties of reflex action. Babinski’s sign.
Spinal cord nerve tracts. Ascending tracts, descending tracts.
Pyramidal tractsnaptic Transmission & inhiition
Extrapyramidal tracts, functions of medulla, pons, hypothalamic disorders.
Cerebral cortex lobes and functions, sensory cortex, motor cortex, cerebellum,functions of cerebellum. Basal ganglion: functions. EEG.
Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF): formation, circulation, properties, composition andfunctions.
Lumbar puncture.
Autonomic Nervous System:
Sympathetic and parasympathetic distribution and functions and com- parison of function
- Sensory system – Receptor, Ascending sensory pathway (basics only), Thalamus
- Motor System – Spinal control of Motor activity
- Electroencephalogram, The Waking State, physiology of sleep, neural substrates of States of Consciousness, Coma and Brain Death, Conscious Experiences, Selective Attention, Neural Mechanisms of Conscious Experiences, Motivation and Emotion, Altered States of Consciousness.
Special Senses 8 hrs
Vision: structure, accommodation changes, field of vision, dark and light adaptation, visual cycle structure of retina, rhodes and cones structure and functions, visual pathway, Papillary reflexes and its pathway colour, colour blindness, tests for colour blindness
Hearing: Outer middle and inner ear, cochlea, mechanism of hearing, auditory pathway, deafness.
Taste: Taste buds, primary taste, pathway for taste
Smell: Receptors, primary olfaction, olfactory pathway
Skin : Structure and function, body temperature measurement, physiological variation, regulation of body temperature by physical chemical and nervous mech- anisms. Role of hypothalamus, hypothermia and fever.
Digestive System: 10 hrs
- Physiological anatomy of gastro intestinal tract, functions of digestive
- Salivary glands: structure and functions, deglutition: stages and
- Stomach: structure and Peptic Ulcer
- Gastric secretion: composition function regulation of gastric juice
- Pancreas: structure, function, composition, regulation of pancreatic
Functions of liver. Bile secretion, composition, function, regulation of bile secretion, bilirubin metabolism, types of bilirubin, Vandenberg reaction, jaundice: types, significance.
- Functions of gall
- Small intestine: functions, digestion, absorption,
- Large intestine: functions, digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, lipids, defecation,composition and functions of success entericus,
- Movements – Mastication, Deglutition,pendulum movements, rhythmic, movements, Movements of stomach, peristalsis, Vomiting.
- GI Hormones,
- Digestion & Absorption of carbohydrates, Proteins, Fat & vitamins
Excretory System – 10 hrs
- Functions of kidneys, nephron, vasa recta, cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons, comparison, juxta glomerular apparatus: structure and Renal circulation peculiarities.
- Mechanism of urine formation: ultrafiltration criteria for filtration GFR, plasma fraction,GFR, factors effecting GFR. Determination of GFR selective reabsorption – sites of reabsorption, substance reabsorbed, mechanisms of reabsorption of glucose, urea,H+, Cl- amino acids TMG, tubular lead, renal threshold % of reabsorption of different substances, selective secretion.
Properties and composition of normal urine, urine output. Abnormal constit- uents in urine, mechanism of urine concentration. Counter-current mecha- nisms: micturition, innervation of bladder, cystometrogram.
- Diuretics: water, diuretics, osmotic diuretics, artificial kidney, renal function tests: plasma clearance, actions of ADH, aldosterone and PTH on
- Renal function
- Dialysis
- Functions of skin
Reproductive system: 10 hrs
- a) Sex determination, Role of hormones in sexual differentiation in fetal life*
Function of reproductive system, puberty.
Male reproductive system: functions of testes, spermatogenesis: site, stages, factorsinfluencing, semen. Endocrine functions of testes.
Androgens: testosterone structure and functions.
Female reproductive system: ovulation, menstrual cycle: physiological changes during pregnancy, pregnancy test.
Lactation: composition of milk, factors controlling lactation.
. Immunologic physiology – 4 hrs
Cells and Secretions Mediating Immune Defenses, Innate
Immune Responses, Adaptive Immune Responses, Systemic Manifestations of
Infection, Factors That Alter the Resistance to Infection, Harmful Immune Responses