Unit 1
Waterpower – Introduction, sources of energy, role of hydropower in a power system.
Estimation of Waterpower Potential – Flow duration curves of gauge and ungauged streams, load curve, load factor, capacity factor, utilization factor, diversity factor, load duration curve, firm power, secondary power, prediction of load.
Types of Hydro-power Plants – Run of river plants, general arrangement of run of river plants, valley dam plants, diversion canal plants, high head diversion plants, storage and pondage, pumped storage power plants.
Penstocks – classification, design criteria, economical diameter. Intakes – losses, power channels. Turbines – types. Water hammer and surges
Unit 2
Introduction – objectives of irrigation, type of irrigation and suitability; selection of irrigation method. Irrigation requirement, water balance, soil water relationships, water storage zone, infiltration. Flow of moisture through root zone, soil physical and chemical properties, crop evaporative and drainage requirements, irrigation efficiency and uniformity.
Unit 3
Surface irrigation systems, types of surface systems, basin irrigation, border irrigation, furrow irrigation, field measurement techniques, flow measurement, flumes, weirs, irrigation events, advance, wetting, depletion and recession phases.
Infiltration, infiltrometer, ponding methods, soil water, tensiometers, neutron probe, time domain reflectometer, evapotranspiration, crop coefficient, leaf area index, FAO guidelines on evapotranspiration estimation.
Fundamentals of surface irrigation hydraulics, continuity equation, momentum equation.