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Introduction & History of medical microbiology – 3 hrs
Historical review (Contributions of E.Jenner, L.Pastuer Robert Koch and postulates, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Alexander Fleming) and scope of microbiology Role of medical micro biology in diagnosis and control of infections.
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Morphology and physiology of bacteria -. 4 hrs
Morphology ,Classification of microorganisms, size, shape and structure of bacteria. Use of microscope in the study of bacteria.
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Growth and nutrition- 2 hrs
Nutrition, growth and multiplications of bacteria
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Culture media – 3 hrs
Use of culture media in diagnostic bacteriology, antimicrobial sensitivity test
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Systematic Bacteriology – 6Hrs
The nature of bacteria, Morphological differences, growth requirement, nomenclature and classification, Insights into different types of bacteria. Bacterial staining and cultivation, common tests for microbial identification,Bacteriological analysis of food, water, milk & air, diseases caused, laboratory diagnosis including specimen collection of the following bacteria (excluding classification, antigenic structure and pathogenicity), Staphylococci, Streptococci, Pneumococci, Gonococci, Meningococci, diphtheriae, Mycobacteria, Clostridia, Bacillus, Shigella, Salmonella, E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas & Spirochetes.
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Sterilizations and disinfection : 14 hrs
Definitions of sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis. Classification of sterilization and disinfection. Different methods of sterilization:,
Physical methods and chemical methods
Autoclaves : Different types, principles, operating procedures, precautions, applications and quality control.
chemical methods -antiseptic and disinfectants.
(Emphasis should be given to each method) Selection of material for sterilization or disinfection
Filtration : Methods, principles, types of filter, applications
Radiation : Principles, methods, applications
Chemical methods:
– Factors influencing the performance of the chemical disinfectants.
– Sporicidal disinfection.
– Different types of chemical agents used for disinfection. Emphasis should be
given to its mode of action,
– MIC, its period of exposure, application and limitations.
– Quality control tests for each method,
– Decimal reduction time (D Value).
Testing of disinfectants
In use test, Rideal – Walker test or Chick – Martin test
(Students should know the sterilization or disinfection of the following – floors, work benches, safety cabinets, rooms, operation theatres, skin, hospital wares, and laboratory equipments. Theatre instruments, different types of media, plastic materials, cotton materials, instruments used in surgery etc.)
- Preparation of disinfectant for laboratory use.
- Decontamination of equipments and wastes especially in microbiology.
- Washing, cleaning, packing and sterilization of glasses and storage of sterile articles.
- Classification of microbes on the basis of hazards.
- Principles of classifications of laboratory safety cabinet and its applications.
Incubators: design, different models, working principles, precautions, calibration of temperature.
Anaerobic incubators, Walk in incubator -principles and its applications.
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Normal Microbial flora of the human body – 5Hrs
Shape and arrangement, Special characteristics- spores, capsules, motility, reproduction.
8.Infection- 5Hrs
Source, source of entry, spread of infection.Antibiotics
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Hospital infections and prevention- 6Hrs
Hospital acquired infections and prevention of hospital acquired infections, . Causative agents, transmission methods, investigation, prevention
- Staining 8Hrs
Definition of stains. Acidophilic, Basophilic and Neutral stains.Preparation of smears,
its fixation and uses.Principles, preparation of reagents, procedures, modification.
Uses, advantages and disadvantages of the following staining methods.
-Simple staining
-Differential staining(Gram’s staining, A.F.B. staining) -Negative staining
– Fluorochrome staining
– Staining of volutin granules
– Staining of spirochetes
– Special stains for spores, Capsules, Flagella.