Course

LECTURE WISE CONTENTS:

UNITI – Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy         2 hours

• History of professionof Pharmacy in India in relation to pharmacy education
• Industry and organization, its current status
• Pharmacy as a career
• Pharmacopoeias: Introduction to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia

UNIT II- Dosage forms:                                                                               3 hours

• Introduction to dosage forms, classification, Applications of AI in Formulation

UNIT III – Prescription                                                                                   5 hours

• Definition
• Parts of prescription,
• Handling of Prescription and Errors in prescription
• Introduction to commonly used latin

UNIT IV – Posology                                                                                          4 hours

• Definition,
• Factors affecting
• Pediatric dose calculations based on age, body weight, and body surface

 UNIT V-Pharmaceutical calculations                                                             5 hours

• Weights and measures
• Imperial & Metric system
• Calculations involving percentage solutions
• Allegation
• Proof spirit and isotonic solutions based on freezing point and molecular

 UNIT VI- Powders                                                                                        4 hours

• Definition
• Classification, advantages and disadvantages
• Classification of powders – Powders for internal use, Powders for external use, Special powders

 UNIT VII – Liquid Dosage Forms                                                               1 hour

• Advantages and disadvantages of liquid dosage forms
• Excipients used in formulation of liquid dosage

 Monophasic liquids                                                                             2 hours

• Definitions and preparations of Gargles, Mouthwashes, Throat Paint, Eardrops, Nasal drops, Enemas, Syrups, Elixirs, Liniment, and Lotions.

  Biphasicliquids  Suspensions 5 hours

• Definition, advantages and disadvantages,
• Classifications
• Formulation and Preparation of suspensions
• Flocculated and Deflocculated suspension stability problems and methods to
• Interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in suspensions

 Emulsions                                                                                      4 hours

• Definition, classification
• Types of Emulsifying agent
• Test for the identification of type of Emulsion, Methods of preparation & stability problems and methods to overcome.
• Theories of emulsification

 UNIT VIII- Suppositories                                                                                 3 hours

• Definition
• Types, advantages and disadvantages
• Types of bases, and methods of
• Displacement value & its calculations

 UNIT IX-Pharmaceutical-Incompatibilities                                                 4 hours

• Definition, classification, physical, chemical and therapeutic incompatibilities with

 UNIT X- Semisolid dosage forms                                                                5 hours

• Definitions, classification
• Preparation of ointments, pastes, creams, and gels. Excipients used in semi solid dosage forms.

 UNIT-XI                                                                                                   3 hours

Surgical aids: Surgical dressings, absorbable gelatin sponge, sutures, ligatures, and medicated bandages.

SCOPE:

This course is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the art and science of handling prescriptions and dispensing medications correctly, considering different dose requirements based on various factors. It is essential for students to understand the history of the pharmacy profession and pharmaceutical industry in India and appreciate their current status. To learn about different dosage forms and their preparations, an understanding of the untoward interactions between chemicals in pharmaceutical preparations arising due to incompatibility is crucial, along with methods to overcome these issues and essential pharmaceutical calculations. It also introduces and emphasizes the applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in formulation design and optimization, enabling more efficient and targeted drug development.

This course will enable students to differentiate between various liquid, semisolid, and powder dosage forms based on their formulation, preparation, and uses. Additionally, students will gain insights into the interfacial properties of suspended particles, factors influencing settling in suspensions, and the theories of emulsification, which are critical for ensuring the stability and efficacy of biphasic liquid dosage forms. It also covers the evolution and significance of official books of standards (Pharmacopoeias). Furthermore, this course aims to cultivate a professional attitude in students, highlighting the significance of adhering to good laboratory practices in the preparation of various dosage forms.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student shall be able to

KNOWLEDGE

K1: Outline the historical background, development, and current status of the profession of pharmacy, pharma industry as well as various pharmacopeias (Remembering).

K2 : Describe the different parts of prescription and the various factors affecting doses of drugs (Understanding).

K3 : Classify the different types of dosage forms and incompatibilities between ingredients (Understanding).

K4: Interpret the English meaning of the Latin terms commonly used in prescriptions (Understanding).

K5 : Distinguish between the monophasic and biphasic liquid dosage forms in terms of the types, preparation, formulation etc. (Analysis)

K6: Summarize the powders and the semisolid dosage forms considering their advantages, disadvantages, preparation, excipients used etc. (Evaluation)

SKILL

S1: Utilize different weighing and measuring techniques required for dispensing prescriptions

S2: Demonstrate the preparation of different solid powder dosage forms

S3: Perform the preparation, packing, and labelling of various semisolid dosage forms

S4: Apply various methods for altering the strength and adjusting the tonicity of solutions.

S5: Calculate the amount of drug required to prepare solutions of required strength

S6: Formulate suitable liquid dosage form for the given drug.

ATTITUDE

A1: Accept good laboratory practices while performing the preparation of various dosage forms

A2: Follow appropriate measures to correctly dispense the given prescription A3: Cooperate with fellow students for mutual well being

A4: Praise the efforts of faculty and supporting staff who facilitate your learning

A5: Display sincerity, punctuality, and integrity

A6: Demonstrate interest, motivation, and self-evaluation for learning beyond Classroom

 Text books:

1. Jain N K. A text book of professional pharmacy. 4^th Delhi: Vallabha Prakashan; c1998.
2. Carter SJ. Cooper and Gunn’s Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students. 12^thNew Delhi: CBS; c2008.
3. Seth A text book of pharmaceutics. 2^nded. Jalandhar: S Vikas & Co.; c2017.

Reference books:

1. Ansel H Pharmaceutical calculations. 13^thed. New Delhi:LPPWW.;c2010.
2. Singh H, Schroff M The making of modern Pharmacy. Delhi:Vallabha Prakashan.;c2009.
3. Carter Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy. 6^thed.Delhi:CBS; c2009.
4. Khar R K. Lachman/Liberman’s Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. 4^th New Delhi:CBS; c2013

 *Latest edition of text books and reference books can be referred