Publication

Abstract : Eco-restoration, the process of recovering degraded ecosystems, revitalizes biodiversity, ecosystem services, carbon sequestration, and strengthens the resilience of our planet. This was the first work comparing the effectiveness of two eco-friendly techniques- phytoremediation and nano-phytoremediation, employed for the effective removal of insidious pollutants from different environmental compartments. The experiments were designed using Tagetes erecta Linn. for the removal of lead in greenhouse settings. In the experimental hydroponic setup, the plants were exposed to different quantities of lead (50–450 μg/mL), and biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll, cellulose, carbohydrates, proline, and protein content in the plant were analysed at definite time intervals. For nano phytoremediation studies, the Zinc oxide nanoparticles (TE-ZnO NPs) were synthesized from the leaves of the same plant, Tagetes erecta, following the green synthesis. TE-ZnO NPs were added in different concentrations (10 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL) to evaluate their effect on metal uptake and change in the various biochemical parameters of the plants. The results revealed that low and moderate concentrations of nanoparticles minimized plant stress while maintaining optimal remediation performance in the plant. This study lays the groundwork for improving nano-phytoremediation techniques with ornamental plants and offers fresh perspectives on the use of nanotechnology in environmental cleanup. Environmental implications This study presents a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to environmental restoration by utilizing Tagetes erecta Linn. for the removal of lead through phytoremediation and green-synthesized nano-phytoremediation. The use of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (TE-ZnO NPs) enhanced metal uptake while reducing plant stress, demonstrating an efficient and non-toxic method for pollutant removal. This work not only contributes to improving soil and water quality but also supports climate resilience and biodiversity conservation. It aligns with several UN Sustainable Development Goals, highlighting its broader environmental relevance in mitigating pollution and promoting green technologies for ecosystem recovery in the face of anthropogenic pressures.