Course

The human Anatomy- Introduction

• Definition
• Sub divisions of anatomy
• Terms of location and positions
• Fundamental planes, Vertebrate structure of man
• Organization of body cells and tissue.

Study of Tissues

Types of tissues, Microscope and basic principles of microscopy, commonly used stains,basophilic and acidophilic staining reactions, and their significance. Commonly encountered artifacts. Brief principle of electron microscopy and interpretation of ultrastructural features. Epithelium, Connective tissue, Cartilage – Hyaline, Elastic and fibro cartilage, Bone – Cross Section, Longitudinal Sections. Muscles – skeletal, Smooth, and cardiac. Nervous tissue- neuron, nerve fiber, sciatic and optic nerves, sympathetic & spinal ganglia. Blood vessels – large and medium sized veins. Lymphoid tissue – lymph node, spleen, Thymus, palatine tonsil. Skin- Thin, Thick. Mammary glands– active, inactive, placenta, umbilical cord. Respiratory system –Trachea, lung. Nervous system – spinal cord, Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Cornea, Retina. Endocrine system

Embryology

Definition of embryology, gonads and gametes, gametogenesis, spermatogenesis, activation and capacitation of sperm ovum in the female genital tract, events of uterine and ovarian cycles. Development of embryo through the ten months, Formation of placenta, amniotic cavity, umbilical cord. Formation of twins.

Support system of Human Body

• The Skeletal System
• Types of bones & Cartilages
• Skull as a whole- foramen magnum & maxilla in detail
• Structure and growth of bones
• Divisions of the skeleton, Appendicular skeleton, Axial skeleton
• Upper & lower limbs- bones, blood flow. Scapula & Axilla
• Name of all the bones and their parts
• Joints: Classification, Types of movements with examples.

Muscles & Tendon

• Structure, Classification, Muscles of abdominal wall
• Muscles of respiration, Diaphragm, Muscles of head and neck Tendon

Human Thorax

• Thoracic cavity, wall of thorax, mediastinum, surface marking of the thorax, thoracic duct. Clinical Anatomy of Thorax

nervous system

• Introduction and divisions of nervous system
• Central nervous system, Spinal cord, Reflex arc
• Peripheral nervous system – organization& structure of a typical spinal nerve, synovial sheeth

Face and neck

4 hours

Scalp, Development of face, Dural venousSinuses. Cervical fascia. Posterior Triangle. Anterior Triangle.

Structures at the root of the neck. Development of branchial arches. Extra ocular muscles. Parotid gland. Temporo-mandibular joint. Cervical sympathetic. Pharynx. Tongue. Submandibular region. Middle ear. Lymphatic drainage of head and neck. Cranial nerves. Cross sectional Anatomy-mid sagittal & horizontal sections, sections at C4 & C6 levels

Practical—Total Hrs=36

• Tissues – General Slides:Hyaline cartilage.
  Fibro cartilage.
  Elastic cartilage.
  T.S&L.S of bone.
  Blood vessels.
  Tonsils, Spleen, Thymus.
  Lymph node, Epithelial tissue.
  Skeletal and cardiac muscle.
  Peripheral nerve and optical nerve
  Systemic Slides:G.L.T –all Lung Parenchyma
  Kidney pituitary
  Endocrine- Adrenal, pancreas, pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid
  Uterus, ovary, testis.
• Embryology
• Support system –Demonstrations of all bones, Showing parts joints, X-rays of all normal bones and joints.

• Muscles & Tendon-Muscles: Striations and classification of muscle.

• Human Thorax – All Part of Thorax
• nervous system-Demonstration of brain and spinal cord, Histology of cerebrum

• Face and neck

Goal:

To provide a comprehensive knowledge of the gross and microscopic structure and development of human body which will provide a basis for understanding the clinical correlation of organs/structures involved and anatomical basis for disease presentations.

Learning Objectives

 At the end of the course, the student shall be able to:

• Comprehend the normal disposition, clinically relevant interrelationship, functional and cross sectional anatomy of various structures in the body.
• Identify the microscopic structure, correlate elementary ultra-structure of various organs and tissues and correlated the structure with the function as a pre requisite for understanding the altered state in various disease processes.
• Comprehend the basic structure and connections of the central nervous systems to analyse the integrative and regulative function of the organs and systems and able to locate the site of gross lesions according to the deficits encountered.
• Explain the developmental basis of various congenital abnormalities and the effect of common teratogens, Genetic mutations and environmental hazards.

Pre-requisites

Basic knowledge in biology