Publication

Abstract : Background: Chronic infection with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major contributor to advanced liver diseases. The HBV replication process and the in vivo models available to study this virus are complex. HBV entry into hepatocytes involves a multifaceted interplay of viral particles, host cell receptors, and endocytic pathways. Key host receptors, including sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), facilitate viral internalization via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Summary: Following entry, the HBV genome undergoes a series of intracellular processes including capsid disassembly, engagement with transport factors, and chromatinization, leading to the formation of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) within the host nucleus. Several animal models have been developed to study these mechanisms, offering insights into HBV biology and pathogenesis. Key Messages: (i) HBV replication is a highly regulated, multi-step process dependent on host-virus interactions. (ii) Host receptors like NTCP, EGFR, and ASGPR are critical for HBV internalization into hepatocytes. (iii) Understanding HBV replication and cccDNA formation is essential for developing targeted treatments. (iv) Diverse animal models are indispensable for advancing HBV research and therapeutic development.