Publication

Abstract : This study presents a modern framework for analyzing thermo-electro-mechanical vibrations in functionally graded piezothermoelastic rods subjected to a moving heat source. By integrating a Klein-Gordon-type spatiotemporal nonlocal elasticity model with the Moore-Gibson-Thompson (MGT) heat conduction theory and memory-dependent derivatives, the work advances the modeling of smart materials under transient thermal loads. The proposed model introduces intrinsic length and time scale parameters, enabling a more accurate depiction of wave propagation, thermal lag, and electromechanical coupling in graded media. Numerical simulations reveal the critical influence of nonhomogeneity, heat source velocity, kernel function formulation, and nonlocal parameters on displacement, temperature, stress, and electric potential distributions. The results demonstrate that material gradation and memory effects can be strategically tuned to enhance performance in sensing, actuation, and energy harvesting applications. This research contributes a robust analytical and computational framework for the design of next-generation smart structures, especially in aerospace, MEMS/NEMS, and thermal protection systems. Future extensions may include multidimensional geometries, nonlinear material behavior, and experimental validation to bridge theory with real-world engineering applications.