Publication

Abstract : Urban Metabolism (UM) has emerged as a powerful analytical lens to understand the material and energy dynamics of cities. Initially conceived as a metaphor comparing cities to living organisms, UM has evolved into a diverse multidisciplinary field. This paper presents a heuristic review of the conceptual evolution, epistemological underpinnings, and methodological progression of UM research, while placing it within the broader sustainability thinking. Tracing its roots from ancient civilisational practices to contemporary policy discourses, the review identifies the phases that have shaped UM as a lens for urban sustainability. It further examines critical limitations pertaining to UM’s technocratic bias, metaphorical constraints, and insufficient engagement with socio-political and economic dimensions. The paper concludes by proposing repositioning UM as a reflexive and inclusive framework, that is capable of supporting just, adaptive, and integrated urban transitions.