Course

Unit I

Heterocyclic Compounds
Nomenclature and general characteristics of heterocyclic compounds, study of three- and four-membered ring heterocycles containing one heteroatom, structure and synthesis of penicillin and cephalosporin-C, structure and synthesis of reserpine, heteroaromatic compounds (five- and six-membered rings) containing one and two heteroatoms, fused ring compounds – indole, quinoline, isoquinoline, coumarin, flavones, purine and pyrimidine, bases present in nucleosides.

Unit II

Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids
Nomenclature aldoses, ketoses, furanoses, pyranoses. Classification monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Structure (Fischer, Haworth and chair projection) of ribose, glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, starch, cellulose and cyclodextrins. Preparation of alditols, glycosides, deoxysugars.Biosynthesis of vitamin C from glucose. Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids, genetic code, recombinant DNA. Biosynthesis of shikimic acid

Unit III

Chemistry of Natural Products
Alkaloids – classification, structure elucidation based on degradative reactions (quinine atropine), terpenoids – classification, structure elucidation and synthesis of abietic acid, terpenoids. Total synthesis of quinine and papaverine (morphine, heroin).

Unit IV

Steroids
Steroids – classification, structure of cholesterol, conversion of cholesterol to progesterone, androsterone and testosterone, classification, structure and synthesis of prostaglandins, biosynthesis of fatty acids, prostaglandins, and steroids.

Unit V

Amino acids, Peptides and Enzymes
Synthesis of amino acids – Strecker and azlactone synthesis, reactions of amino acids, structure of proteins, introduction to enzymes and coenzymes with special reference to the function of chymotrypsin, NAD, thiamine, pyridoxal, solid phase synthesis–choice of resin, classification and reactions leading to peptide formation.

• CO01: Predict the properties and reactivities of different heterocyclic compounds and describe their nomenclature, structural features and synthesis.
• CO02: Analyze the structure and reactivity of biomolecules like carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides, and nucleic acid.
• CO03: Elucidate the structure, preparation, classification, and applications of Steroids, enzymes, terpenoids, alkaloids, and lipids.

Textbooks

1. L. Finar Organic Chemistry vol 2 (3rd. ed.) Longmans Green & Co. 1964
2. Sujata V. Bhat, Bhimsen A. Nagasampagi, Meenakshi Sivakumar, Chemistry of Natural Products, Springer 2005

References

1. C. Nicolaou, Eric J. Sorensen, Classics in Total synthesis, Wiley, 1996.
2. Ashutoshkar, Chemistry of Natural Products,(Volume I and II), CBS.