Publication

Abstract : This study explores the intricate coupled hydro-thermo-electromechanical behavior of a size-dependent porous piezoelectric medium. We uniquely employ the memory-dependent Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) framework for heat conduction in conjunction with Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory to analyze the effects of time-delay and nonlocality on various physical fields. Novel constitutive relations are developed to capture these combined influences. Analytical solutions for displacements, temperatures (solid and fluid phases), stresses (normal and shear), and electric displacements and potentials are obtained using normal mode technique. A detailed graphical analysis illustrates the impact of time, nonlocality, and porosity under both open and short circuit electrical boundary conditions. Three-dimensional plots confirm the dispersive, diffusive, and memory-dependent behavior. The main findings reveal that nonlocality significantly smooths field gradients and broadens spatial profiles, while memory-dependent thermal conduction results in wave-like and delayed temperature responses, with the solid phase reacting faster than the fluid. Furthermore, electric potentials and displacements are considerably enhanced under open-circuit conditions, highlighting boundary effect sensitivity. It is also observed that increasing porosity consistently decreases the magnitudes of all fields and restricts their penetration depths, indicating a structural softening effect. This work presents a unique analytical model that integrates memory-dependent MGT theory with nonlocal elasticity to analyze the hydro-thermo-electromechanical behavior of a fluid-saturated porous piezoelectric medium. The theoretical framework provides a robust foundation for advancing the design and development of piezoelectric sensors and actuators operating in coupled hydro-thermo-electromechanical environments, particularly those with porous structures. Potential applications span geophysical monitoring, biomedical implants under complex loadings, and MEMS where size-dependent and relaxation effects are significant.