Unit 1

Durability: Life expectancy of different types of buildings – influence of environmental elements such as heat, moisture, precipitation and frost on buildings- Effect of biological agents like fungus, moss, plants, trees, algae – termite control and prevention – chemical attack and impact of pollution on building materials and components – Aspects of fire damage and assessment.

Unit 2

Building failures – causes and effects – cracks in buildings – types, classification. Investigation and condition assessment – Semi-destructive and Non-destructive testing methods.

Common defects in buildings and control measures – maintenance philosophy – phases of maintenance.

Materials for repair – special mortar and concretes, concrete chemicals, admixtures, special cements and high grade concrete.

Unit 3

1. Peter H. Emmons, “Concrete Repair and Maintenance”, Galgotia Publications, 2010.
2. Vidivelli. B., “Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures”, Standard Publishers, 2009.

• James Douglas, Bill Ransom, “Understanding Building Failures”, Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
• Philip H. Perkins, “Repair, Protection and Water proofing of Concrete Structures”, E & FN Spon, 1997.
• SP:25 – 1984, “Causes and prevention of cracks in buildings”, BIS
• Santhakumar A. R., “Concrete Technology”, Oxford University Press, 2006.
• Sidney M. Johnson, “Deterioration, Maintenance and Repair of Structures”, McGraw Hill, 1965.
• Raikar, “Durable Structures – Through planning for preventive maintenance”, R &D Centre, Structural Designers and Consultants Pvt. Ltd. New Bombay, 1994.
• Raikar, “Diagnosis and Treatment of Structures in Distress”, R & D Centre, Structural Designers and Consultants Pvt. Ltd., New Bombay, 1994.