Publication

Abstract : . Life cycle assessment (LCA) provides a comprehensive methodology for evaluating the environmental impacts of products and processes across their entire life cycle. This research applies LCA techniques to assess the sustainability of supply chain practices in coir (coconut fiber) industry. The coir industry in India is dominated by micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), which account for over 90% of production units. Coir MSMEs provide livelihoods and income opportunities for millions engaged in the extraction, curing, spinning and weaving of coir fiber from coconut husks. However, the industry faces environmental challenges around energy and water use, emissions, and waste generation. The study utilizes a case study approach employing primary interviews, direct observations, archival records, and secondary LCA data to analyze the supply chains of coir product manufacturers. The key impact measures examined are carbon footprint, water consumption, energy use, and solid waste generation. The findings reveal several positive sustainability attributes including localized raw material sourcing under 50 km and existing adoption of renewables like biomass and solar energy for 30% of production needs. However, substantial hotspots are also identified such as reliance on freshwater extraction up to 50 liters per kg of finished product, predominant use of road transportation emitting up to 178 kg CO2 per day, and resource-intensive packaging materials like plastics and cardboard. The study demonstrates that while the coir industry supply chain has several sustainability strengths to build upon, considerable potential exists to improve environmental performance through greater adoption of renewables, energy and water efficiency, alternative transport modes, and circular resource flows. The LCA evidence can guide policy and managerial choices to transform coir production in India toward energy, water and emissions neutrality in line with national sustainable development objectives.