Publication

Abstract : The growing demand for sustainable infrastructure has driven the development of eco-friendly concrete materials that ensure structural performance while reducing environmental impact. This review examines six advanced concrete types—Geopolymer Concrete, Self-Healing Concrete, Foam Concrete, Recycled Aggregate Concrete, Carbon Cure Concrete, and Self-Curing Concrete—analyzing their structural properties and suitability for smart city applications. Key parameters considered include compressive strength, durability, density, water absorption, shrinkage, and carbon footprint. Each concrete type is assessed for its unique mechanism, such as alkali activation in geopolymer concrete, microbial or chemical healing in self-healing concrete, and CO₂ mineralization in Carbon Cure concrete. The review also explores integrating emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and automation to improve performance monitoring, predictive maintenance, mix design optimization, and quality control. A comparative assessment of the advantages, limitations, and future potential of these materials is presented, aiding sustainable material selection in smart urban construction.