Publication

Abstract : Non-invasive glucose monitoring is an emerging research area with the potential to improve diabetes management by eliminating the need for blood-based sampling. Among various technologies, microwave sensing offers a better sensitivity to dielectric property variations in glucose containing media. In this work, the investigation on the dielectric behavior of aqueous glucose solutions over a broad frequency range 1 to 20 GHz, to identify optimal microwave frequencies for glucose detection is carried out. The real, ε′ and imaginary, ε′′ components of complex permittivity were measured using a vector network analyzer and liquid dielectric probe kit. From these data, frequency dependent penetration depth is calculated to determine how deeply microwave signals can interact with target layers such as interstitial fluid. Results show that increasing glucose concentration leads to a measurable decrease in ε′ and an increase in ε′′. The analysis highlights a trade-off between sensitivity and penetration, with the 8−15GHz range offering an optimal balance. These findings contribute to the selection of suitable frequencies for non-invasive microwave-based glucose sensing systems.