Unit 1

Investigations for culverts and minor bridges, Investigations for major bridges – topography, catchment, hydrology, geotechnical aspects, construction resources – design flood discharge – methods, linear waterway. choice of foundation for piers and abutments – types – cost ratio – clearance – choice of foundation – open, pile, well, block foundations – relative suitability. setting out for piers and abutments for minor and major bridges. classification of culverts and bridges – components of bridge structures – loading standards – railway and road loading standards. Types of foundations.

Unit 2

Piers and abutments – function, aesthetics, materials; wing walls – construction aspects. super structure – types – choice of materials – design principles, considerations and criteria of pipe culverts, slab culvert, box culvert, causeways. Design of T beam and slab bridge – design principles of RC balanced cantilever bridge and articulation. Design concepts of rigid frame bridges – thumb rule design of masonry arch bridges – design of bowstring girder bridge and components.

Unit 3

1. D. Johnson Victor, “Essentials of bridge engineering”, Oxford University Press, 2008.
2. N. Krishna Raju, “Design of bridges”, Oxford University Press, 2008.