Publication

Abstract : 5-Nitro-2-furaldehyde (5-NFA) is an aromatic compound from the nitrofuran group, widely used in pharmaceutical and agricultural intermediates. To address the environmental and toxicity related to nitro functional groups, it is necessary to design a reliable sensor for analytical detection. Here, the goal is to develop an electrochemical sensor for sensitivity, selectivity, and quantification for the real-time detection of 5-NFA in food and biofluids. Introducing a novel hydrothermal synthesis method for NiCo2O4@g-C3N4, an electroactive and conductive material for 5-NFA sensing. Characterization confirmed the structure of the prepared matrix. The electrochemical performance was demonstrated using a NiCo2O4@g-C3N4 (1:2) modified electrode for detecting 5-NFA. The sensor shows a broad linear range from 0.02 to 2365.5 μM, with a sensitivity of approximately 0.6414 μA μM−1 cm2, an ultra-low detection limit of 0.0468 μM, and a limit of quantification LOQ 0.072293 μM with minimal interference from other substances. The developed sensor indicates 95.2 to 100.5% accuracy and reproducibility RSD at <3% Validation in real samples of human blood serum, urine, chicken, fish, and milk yielded. This work presents a novel modified electrode NiCo2O4@g-C3N4, for monitoring 5-Nitro-2-furaldehyde in food and biological samples.