Publication

Abstract : The growing demand for high-speed 5G and vehicular communication systems has increased the need for compact antennas with high gain at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies. This paper examines the progressive design and analysis of 28 GHz hexagonal patch antennas for V2V communication. Beginning with a conventional hexagonal patch, the work progresses to an inset-fed hexagonal patch antenna design for improved impedance matching, followed by a loop integrated hexagonal patch antenna. To improve gain and directivity, this is then refined into a single element hexagonal loop connected patch structure. This design is then significantly modified into two element and four element arrays to achieve better radiation performance. The proposed single-element design achieved a realized gain of 7.25 dBi while the four-element array configuration further improves performance, reaching a peak gain of 9.07 dBi and a bandwidth of 1.34 GHz. These enhancements clearly highlights the suitability of the proposed antennas for next-generation communication applications especially for V2V communication.