Publication

Abstract : In the realm of technical advancement, underwater acoustic communication emerges as a compelling and challenging field for engineers and researchers alike. Unlike terrestrial environments, the underwater domain provides a dynamic and intricate acoustic medium, significantly impacting the propagation of signals. The sound speed in underwater (function of temperature, salinity, and depth) majorly affects the signal propagation among the nodes and leads to high transmission losses. In addition, the sound propagation has been influenced in deep sound channel (existed around 800 to 1300 m), where the sound waves are directed towards the long-range propagation with low velocity. However, the sound propagation in deep sound channel is a complex phenomenon and is influenced by skip distance (SD), axis depth (daxis), mixed layer depth (MLD), and source node depth (SND). Therefore, it is essential to conduct a comprehensive analysis and gain a thorough understanding of the acoustic propagation characteristics deep sound channel for effectively deploy a network tailored for a specific application (habitat monitoring). As a result, the analysis and evaluation of the differences in sound propagation at various salinities, temperatures, and depths in the deep sound channel is the main goal of this work. Additionally, an evaluation of the transmission losses in the deep sound channel has been conducted. The simulation's findings show that a 12% decrease in transmission losses occurs when sound speed is increased from 1430 to 1570 m/s. Additionally, at moderate SND (500 m), transmission losses are higher compared to surface nodes (SND = 100 m) and bottom nodes (SND = 1000 m).