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Significance of monitoring vascular endothelial growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and Interleukin-8 in diabetic macular edema towards early identification of nonresponders to ranibizumab therapy.

Publication Type : Journal Article

Thematic Areas : Medical Sciences, Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine

Publisher : Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

Source : Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, Volume 69, Issue 6, p.1475-1481 (2021)

Url : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34011723/

Keywords : Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Chemokine CCL2, diabetes mellitus, Diabetic Retinopathy, Humans, Interleukin-8, Intravitreal Injections, Macular Edema, Ranibizumab, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, visual acuity

Campus : Kochi

School : Center for Nanosciences, School of Medicine

Center : Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine Move, Nanosciences

Department : Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Ophthalmology

Year : 2021

Abstract : Purpose: Identification of nonresponders prior to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy would help in the judicious clinical management of diabetic macular edema (DME) patients. Thus, a systematic study was initiated to identify nonresponding DME patient population undergoing ranibizumab treatment to figure out additional inflammatory components that may contribute to their nonresponsiveness to anti-VEGF therapy.

Methods: A total of 40 patients recruited to this investigator-initiated trial received intravitreal ranibizumab monthly for 3 months. The fourth- and fifth-month injections were according to PRN protocol and the sixth-month injection was mandatory. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and VEGF in aqueous humor were measured for all the patients. Patients were grouped into responders/nonresponders on the formulated criteria and the levels of key pro-inflammatory cytokines were also measured between the two groups at baseline, 2 month and 5 months using cytometric bead array (CBA). Results: Eleven patients were categorized (29.72%) as responders and 10 patients (27.02%) as nonresponders. Nonresponders showed poorer BCVA (P = 0.024, 0.045, and 0.048 for 4, 5, and 6 months) and higher CMT (P = 0.021, 0.0008 and <0.0001 for baseline, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months) compared to responders. The cytokines IL-8, MCP-1 were significantly up regulated (P = 0.0048 and 0.029 for MCP-1 and IL-8) in nonresponders. Conclusion: Elevated MCP-1 and IL-8 levels found in the nonresponders could be used as a prognostic marker to identify these groups of patients and can help in developing alternative treatment options along with anti-VEGF therapy.

Cite this Research Publication : Tessy Xavier, Swetha Pallikara, Neha Saji, Natasha Radhakrishnan, Krishnakumar N. Menon, and Gopal S. Pillai, “Significance of monitoring vascular endothelial growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and Interleukin-8 in diabetic macular edema towards early identification of nonresponders to ranibizumab therapy.”, Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 1475-1481, 2021.

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