Unit 1
Introduction to Enzymes: General introduction and historic background- General Terminology, Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes. Criteria of purity of enzymes- Specific activity. Enzyme units-Katal and IU. Enzyme activity- chemical nature of enzymes. Protein nature of enzymes and Non protein enzymes- Ribozymes and DNAzymes. Metalloenzymes and metal activated enzymes. Coenzymes and Cofactors- Prosthetic group, coenzymes involved in different metabolic pathways. Classification of coenzymes. Isozymes, Abzymes, Synzyme, Specificity of enzymes, Active site, Allosteric site.
Unit 2
Enzyme Catalysis and Inhibition: Lock and key, Induced fit and Transition state Hypotheses. Mechanism of enzyme catalysis- Acid-base catalysis, covalent catalysis, Metal ion catalysis, Proximity and orientation effects etc. mechanism of Serine proteases-Chymotryspin, Lysozyme, Carboxypeptidase A and Ribonuclease., Proenzymes (Zymogens).
Reversible Inhibition- Competitive, Non-J9ipases, proteolytic enzymes in meat and leather industry, enzymes used in various fermentation processes, cellulose degrading enzymes, Metal degrading enzymes.
Clinical enzymes- Enzymes as thrombolytic agents, Anti-inflammatory agents, streptokinase, asparaginase, Isoenzymes like CK and LDH, Transaminases (AST, ALT), Amylases, Cholinesterases, Phosphatases. Immobilization of enzymes, ELIZA. Biosensors. Enzyme Engineering and site directed mutagenesis, Designer enzymes
Unit 6
Enzyme Structure activity Relationship (SAR) and Drug Discovery- Properties of Enzymes.: Lead Compound, Structure based drug design, combinatorial chemistry, High-throughput screening, Case study of DHFR etc.