Publication

Abstract : Bio-based composite films offer a sustainable alternative to synthetic packaging materials due to their biodegradability and functional versatility. In this study, a biodegradable film was developed using gelatin (GA), lignin (LG), and tannic acid (TA), for applications in food packaging and seed preservation. Films were prepared by fixing GA and varying LG and TA, on a weight/weight (w/w) basis relative to GA. The optimized formulation (LGT68) exhibited a tensile strength of 7.59 ± 0.58 MPa, and elongation at break (EAB) of 158.54 ± 15.68%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a dense fibrillar matrix with uniformly dispersed spherical agglomerates, attributed to LG–TA interactions within the GA matrix. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed strong hydrogen bonding. The film also demonstrated complete ultraviolet (UV) blocking, improved hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 89.4 ± 0.7°, and significant antimicrobial activity with a 23 mm zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Real-time application trials using raw beef and mushroom for packaging and seeds of Momordica charantia for coating confirmed the film’s effectiveness in extending shelf life. These results highlight the potential of LGT films as sustainable and multifunctional materials for active food packaging and seed protection applications.