Unit 1
Basic Organic Chemistry: Introduction- Important elements in biology, concept of hybridization Shape of water and ammonia molecules Acids and bases, pH, Henderson- Hasselbalch Equation, Buffers, Important functional groups in organic chemistry, non-covalent interactions, General types of reactions in Biochemistry, Electrophiles and nucleophiles in biological system,
Unit 2
Amino Acids and Proteins: Introduction, Classification Optical isomerism, chemical properties, Acid-base properties- polyionic nature, zwitter ions, pKa’s, pI, Peptide bond formation and properties, Classification of proteins. Levels of protein structure (brief mention of primary, secondary, tertiary & quaternary structures, Denaturation of Proteins.
Unit 3
Carbohydrates Introduction, Sources, Classification into mono, di and polysaccharides. Classification of monosaccharides based on no. of carbon atoms.), aldoses and ketoses, Fischer projections, Haworth structures, Anomers, Epimers, Structure and functions of sugars, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides, Glycoconjugates.
Unit 4
Nucleic Acids Structures of purine and pyrimidine bases Nucleosides, nucleotides, RNA, & DNA Types of RNA Structure of DNA, Watson and Crick model, DNA denaturation, Hyperchromic shift, Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
Unit 5
Lipids Introduction, sources, Nomenclature Classification, Properties & Functions, Fatty acids, Triacyl glycerols, Membrane lipids, Glycerophospholipids and sphingophospholipids, Steroids, Structure of steroid nucleus, biological role of Cholesterol, fat soluble vitamins, Biological Membranes