Publication

Abstract : While standard power flow analysis techniques work well for grid-connected microgrids, they face limitations in islanded modes. This paper presents an improved Gauss-Seidel method that reformulates droop-controlled distributed generator (DG) models for low-voltage(LV), short-distance islanded microgrids and explicitly incorporates frequency as an iterative state variable. In addition, voltage and frequency-dependent load models are integrated within the Gauss–Seidel iterations to represent constant power, constant current and constant impedance loads. The method enforces droop coefficient consistency for unequal DG ratings, ensuring proportional power sharing without relying on external optimization techniques. Comparative results demonstrate improved voltage profiles, reduced real and reactive power losses, accurate frequency regulation and lower computational runtime when compared with existing Newton–Raphson–based and Gauss-Seidel optimization-assisted methods reported in the literature, making it suitable for islanded microgrid studies.