Course

Unit 1

Batteries-Working principle of battery, primary and secondary batteries, battery performance evaluation methods. Cells & Batteries, Nominal voltage and capacity, C rate, Energy and power, series and parallel cell connection, Electrochemistry of Lithium-ion cells New cell chemistries and trends, Equivalent-circuit models, Physics-based models, Empirical and Physics-based modelling approach. Emerging trends in battery technology.

Unit 2

Introduction to Battery Management System (BMS): Functionality, Battery pack topology, Voltage Sensing, Current Sensing, Temperature Sensing, High-voltage contactor control, Isolation sensing, thermal control, Protection, Communication Interface, Range estimation, State-of-charge estimation, Cell total energy and cell total power. Voltage-based methods to estimate SoC, Model-based state estimation, Battery Health Estimation, Lithium-ion aging: Negative electrode, Lithium-ion aging: Positive electrode, Cell Balancing, Causes of imbalance, Circuits for balancing and topologies. Cooling of EV battery.

Unit 3

Rechargeable cell, Charging and Discharging Process, Overcharge and Undercharge, Modes of Charging, Charging Standards CHAdeMO, GB/T, ISO 15118, Discharge models Drive cycles and impact of auxiliary loads. Battery safety standards AIS 156, UL 2580 and Homologation Certification Testing. Battery Chargers On-board and Off-board. Overview of Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP)- Current EV Charging standards. Vehicle range calculations, Case study- battery packs. Battery dynamics based on life and BMS, Energy balancing with multi-battery system.

Text Books / References

Textbooks / References

1. Pistoia, Gianfranco, and Boryann Liaw, “Behaviour of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles: Battery Health, Performance, Safety, and Cost”, Springer International Publishing AG, 2018.
2. Plett, Gregory L., “Battery management systems, Volume I: Battery modeling”, Artech House, 2015.
3. Bergveld, H.J., Kruijt, W.S., Notten, P.H.L., “Battery Management Systems -Design by Modelling”, Philips Research Book Series 2002.
4. Davide Andrea,”Battery Management Systems for Large Lithium-ion Battery Packs”, Artech House, 2010.
5. Pop, Valer, et al., “Battery management systems: Accurate state-of-charge indication for battery- powered applications”, Vol. 9, Springer Science & Business Media, 2008.

Course Objectives:

• To introduce batteries and their parameters
• To introduce the concepts of modelling, charging requirements and battery management system

Course Outcomes

• CO01: Understand the principle of battery and battery management system.
• CO02: Interpret the concept associated with battery charging / discharging process.
• CO03: Familiarize various cell balancing techniques and parameter estimation.
• CO04: Design battery model for real-time applications.

CO-PO Mapping

Skills Acquired: Battery management system, Charges