Course

Syllabus

Theory

An introduction to agrochemicals, their type and role in agriculture, effect on environment, soil, human and animal health, merits and demerits of their uses in agriculture, management of agrochemicals for sustainable agriculture. Herbicides -Major classes, properties and important herbicides. Fate of herbicides. Fungicides- classification –Inorganic fungicides-characteristics, preparation and use of sulphur and copper. Mode of action- Bordeaux mixture and copper oxychloride. Organic fungicides –Mode of action –Dithiocarbamates- characteristics, preparation and use of Zineb and maneb. Systemic fungicides- Benomyl, carboxin, oxycarboxin, Metalaxyl, Carbendazim, characteristics and use. Introduction and classification and insecticides: inorganic and organic insecticides organochorine, Ogranophosphates, Carbamates, Synthetic pyrethriods Neonicotinoids, Biorationals. Insecticide Act and rules, Insecticides banned, withdrawn and restricted use. Fate of insecticides in soil and plant. IGR Biopesticides, Reduced risk insecticides, Botanical, Plant and animal systemic insecticides their characteristics and uses. Fertilizers and their importance. Nitrogenous fertilizers: Feedstocks and Manufacturing of ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, urea. Slow release N-fertilizers. Phosphatic fertilizers: feedstock and manufacturing of single superphosphate. Preparation of bone meal and basic slag. Potassic fertilizers: Natural sources of potash, manufacturing of potassium chloride, potassium sulphate and potassium nitrate. Mixed and complex fertilizers: Sources and compatibilitypreparation of major, secondary and micronutrient mixtures. Complex fertilizers: Manufacturing of ammonium phosphates, nitrophosphates and NPK complexes. Fertilizer control order. Fertilizer logistic and marketing. Plant bio-pesticides for ecological agriculture, Bio-insect repellent.

Practical

Sampling of fertilizers and pesticides. Pesticides application technology to study about various pesticides appliances. Quick tests for identification of common fertilizers. Identification of anion and cation in fertilizer. Calculation of doses of insecticides to be used. To study and identify various formulations of insecticide available kin market. Estimation of nitrogen in Urea. Estimation of water soluble P2 O5 and citrate soluble P2 O5 in single super phosphate. Estimation of potassium in Muraite of Potash/ Sulphate of Potash by flame photometer. Determination of copper content in copper oxychloride. Determination of sulphur content in sulphur fungicide.

Objective

The course on agrochemicals to understand the basic concepts of agrochemicals, their applications in agriculture and the impact of agrochemicals on environmental, animal, and human health. This course helps to distinguish types of pesticides based on their properties, effects and their role in sustainable agriculture. Knowledge of fertilizers, types of fertilizers, their nutrient contents, and method of manufacturing and their reaction in soil, FCO and fertilizer storage will be of much useful both at the field level as well as in the industry.

Course Outcome:

Any student who has undergone the course shall be able to:

Suggested Readings

1. Biswas D R. 2021. A Textbook of Fertilizers. New India Publishing Agency
2. Buchel K H (Ed.). 1992. Chemistry of pesticides. John Wiley & Sons
3. Larramendy M L. 2017. Toxicity and Hazard of Agrochemicals. INTECH.
4. Panda H. 2022. The Complete Technology Book on Pesticides, Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides (Agrochemicals) with Formulae, Manufacturing Process, Machinery & Equipment Details. (2nd Revised Edn.). NPCS.
5. Singh A. 2022. Basics of Agrochemical Formulations. Brillion Publishing.