Publication

Abstract : Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a semicrystalline polymer that has grown into the material of choice in biomedical engineering since the 1960s due to its exceptional mechanical strength, chemical inertness, and low friction coefficient. Its distinct set of characteristics enabled wide usage in demanding applications, particularly orthopedic implants such as joint replacements. Compared to other polyethylene variations, such as low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene, UHMWPE exhibits greater wear resistance, impact strength, and biocompatibility, making it an ideal material for both medical and industrial applications. Over the years, researchers have focused on resolving issues such as oxidative degradation and wear-induced debris, which can reduce the lifespan of implants. Recent innovations have culminated in the development of UHMWPE-based bio-nanocomposites, including a variety of inorganic and organic nanoparticles, which improve durability and clinical performance. This paper provides an in-depth review of UHMWPE, detailing its origins, key properties, and most recent applications, while also highlighting ongoing efforts to address existing constraints. It is unique because it combines the latest developments in UHMWPE nanocomposites and examines future possibilities closely, offering new ideas and suggestions for the next generation of UHMWPE-based biomaterials.