Publication

Abstract : This paper investigates the primary challenges associated with implantable antenna integration, notably detuning effects arising from complex in-body environments, surrounding tissue variability, and interference from implanted device electronics. The demands for device miniaturization and stringent specifications limit the available bandwidth. In this work, a highly compact antenna intended for intracardiac leadless pacemaker applications is presented. Designed to operate at 6 GHz, the antenna was embedded along with the pacemaker’s battery and regulatory circuits to simulate realistic conditions. The antenna was evaluated inside a homogeneous heart phantom through simulation, achieving satisfactory gain and a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) that meets established safety norms. The structure, featuring a cross-shaped radiator with a major circular aperture and several minor cuts, facilitates compactness and performance at the target frequency. Simulation results affirm the proposed antenna's potential for safe and efficient communication in lead-free pacemakers, offering a promising step forward in biomedical device technology.