Publication

Abstract : Climate change is profoundly affecting water availability, threatening water security. While the concept of water resilience has gained increasing attention, existing studies often examines technological, ecological, and governance dimensions separately, limiting understanding of how these elements interact to strengthen water systems. This review synthesizes recent advances, challenges, and future directions in water resilience based on literature published between 2020 and 2025. A systematic review approach was employed using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria across major scientific databases, incorporating peer-reviewed studies and selected grey literature. The review identifies three major patterns. First, water resilience is increasingly challenged by interconnected pressures, including climate extremes, population growth, ageing infrastructure, governance fragmentation, digital vulnerabilities, and inequities in water access. Second, data-driven technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), geographic information systems (GIS), digital twins and related technologies are transforming water monitoring, forecasting, and decision-making, although their effectiveness depends on institutional capacity and governance support. Third, integrated approaches that combine technological innovation, nature-based solutions, and community participation show greater potential for enhancing adaptive capacity and long-term sustainability than isolated interventions. Based on these findings, the study proposes a framework that links technological, institutional, environmental, and socio-economic dimensions of water resilience. The review provides practical insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners seeking to develop adaptive, inclusive, and sustainable water management strategies under increasing climatic and socio-economic pressures.