Publication

Abstract : Background: Wound infections, especially those caused by Staphylococcus aureus, remain a significant concern in clinical settings due to bacterial infection, antimicrobial resistance, delayed healing, and increased treatment costs. Ayurveda offers time-tested remedies for wound care. Aim: This study aimed to explore how variations in the preparation of Aragwadhadhi Kwatha, specifically the drug-to-water ratio and reduction method, affect its physical, chemical, and antimicrobial properties. Methods: Four samples of Aragwadhadhi Kwatha were prepared using different proportions of water and reduction levels, following classical Ayurvedic guidelines. Each sample was tested for Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, and specific gravity. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated in vitro against S. aureus using the agar well diffusion method. Results: The study found clear differences in the analytical profiles of all four samples. Sample 3 had the highest TDS, pH, and specific gravity, indicating a more concentrated decoction. However, Sample 4, prepared with a 1:8 drug-to-water ratio and reduced to one-fourth, as mentioned in Ashtanga Hridaya, showed the most effective antimicrobial action. This suggests that a balanced method of preparation can yield better therapeutic outcomes, rather than simply increasing concentration. Conclusion: The results confirm that preparation techniques play a crucial role in the efficacy of Ayurvedic formulations. Sample 4’s performance supports the traditional guidelines given in the Sharangadhara Samhita for medium-hard drugs. Standardising such classical formulations is essential to ensure quality, consistency, and greater acceptance in both modern clinical practice and scientific research. Major Findings: The study demonstrated that variation in preparation methods significantly influences both physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of Aragwadhadhi Kwatha. Among the samples, Sample 4 (1:8 reduced to 1/4) showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.